11. Define Fourier Transform and its inverse.
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Let f(x) be a continuous function of a real variable x. The Fourier transform of f(x) is
defined by the equation
Where j = √-1
Given F(u), f(x) can be obtained by using the inverse Fourier transform
The Fourier transform exists if f(x) is continuous and integrable and F(u) is integrable.
The Fourier transform of a real function, is generally complex,
F(u) = R(u) + jI(u)
Where R(u) and I(u) are the real and imaginary components of F(u). F(u) can be expressed in
exponential form as
F(u) = │F(u)│ejØ(u)
where
│F(u)│ = [R2(u) + I2(u)]1/2
and
Ø (u, v) = tan-1[ I (u, v)/R (u, v) ]
The magnitude function |F (u)| is called the Fourier Spectrum of f(x) and Φ(u) its phase angle.
The variable u appearing in the Fourier transform is called the frequency variable.
Fig 1 A simple function and its Fourier spectrum
The Fourier transform can be easily extended to a function f(x, y) of two variables. If f(x, y) is
continuous and integrable and F(u,v) is integrable, following Fourier transform pair exists
and
Where u, v are the frequency variables
The Fourier spectrum, phase, are
|F(u, v)| = [R2(u, v) + I2(u, v )]1/2
Ø(u, v) = tan-1[ I(u, v)/R(u, v) ]
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